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Showing posts with label YIN YOGA ARTICLE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label YIN YOGA ARTICLE. Show all posts

Anatomy is the key

Anatomy is the key
[ Reprinted from Paul Grilley's website(Yin Yoga Founder)]


Learn to teach yin yoga.
It was and is our position that certification is not necessary if someone wants to teach yin yoga। Many teachers and students have found their way to a yin practice on their own. We believe this is a natural progression in a person's yoga path. We also recognize the need to provide teachers with the anatomical reasons why yin is therapeutic and why it is different from the yang forms of yoga they have been trained in.

Anatomy is the key.
The backbone of the YYTT* is anatomy। Without an understanding of muscles and joints true confidence in teaching is elusive. This anatomical insight is crucial when dealing with injuries, adjustments and variations. Anatomy is a vast subject but the basics, properly understood, throw a flood of light on yoga practice, no matter what the style.

Yoga is more than muscle and bone.
Yoga is more than anatomy and the YYTT speaks to these issues by discussing such things as the theory of exercise, the responsibilities of a teacher, sequencing, and the energy curve of a class। We also discuss the flow of chi through the connective tissue and its relationship to our physical, emotional and mental well being.


* Yin Yoga Teacher Training ट्रेनिंग

http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/wellnessyogahk/article?mid=74

《Yin Yoga》China 中国《阴瑜伽》

《Yin Yoga》 China 中国《阴瑜伽》




2009年2月5日



瑜伽是世界上最热门的健身养生法之一。美国现有超过两千万人练习某种形式的瑜伽,英国有500万人,亚洲现有超过100万人练习某种形式的瑜伽。就在我们讲话的此刻,数字仍在增长。


一般来说, “哈达瑜伽” 是最流行的瑜伽形式。大多数人会声称他们正在练习塑绳瑜伽、活力瑜伽、力量瑜伽、流瑜伽、Anusara….以及许多其它类型的瑜伽。他们全都是 “哈达瑜伽”。有各种有关 “哈达瑜伽”的定义,大多数认为 “Ha” 代表动态的,体内“阳”或“日”的能量,而“tha” 代表被动的,体内“Yin”或“月”的能量。这两种能量结合成为“Hatha”。我们也会看到最著名的灵圣事件-“Khumbha Mela”,每12年在瓦拉那西Varanasi (Kasi) – 圣河恒河, 白天某特定时刻太阳和月亮会同时出现。对所有瑜伽修行者来说这是最神圣的日子之一。另外,根据学者[1]Georg Feuerstein,“哈达瑜伽”意味着力量(意即serpent巨蛇力量或蟠龙灵量kundalini skati)的统一规则;或强有力的统一规则。这清楚解释了练习的本质,即它本质上就是动态且强有力或“阳”性的。


如果我们调查人们为什么练习瑜伽,练习的目的和目标,或起初瑜伽练习的概念化是如何形成的,你会认识到瑜伽不仅仅是一种身体的健身养生法。


经典著作-“帕坦加利瑜伽经”,将瑜伽定义为“Yoga Cittavritti Nirodha”,意思是“瑜伽是对心灵漩涡的控制”。


在哈达瑜伽之光中说到“[2]瑜伽修行者Swatmarama,向他自己的上师(古茹,guru)致敬后,为了达到王瑜伽用尽了Hatha Vidya”。


在我们研究哈达和王瑜伽,仿佛他们是两种冲突的方法时,Swatmarama 破解了这一谜团,将哈达瑜伽的目的公诸于众;即所有哈达瑜伽练习最终会与王瑜伽融合。传统上,瑜伽经所假定的王瑜伽,决没有为哈达瑜伽规定一个不同的目标。 所有河流最终都会汇入大海。


我愿意进一步解释哈达瑜伽的目的,因为许多人对这一练习已经很熟悉了。哈达瑜伽的全部目的就是达到“气”的稳定。有 [3]5种主要的 “气”和5种次要的 “气”。如果一个人能够稳定并且使能量达到一种平衡状态,就表现为冥想。因此,在“哈达瑜伽”系统中,发展出许多身体,呼吸以及思想练习的方法以达到“气”的稳定。


在 “哈达瑜伽之光”中提到了多种体位。在所有体位中,有 [4]四种坐姿被强调为最重要。此后,多种使用这些坐姿的收腹收束法和会Yin收束法练习技巧也得到传授。Swatmarama这番讨论的全部目的是为了让我们认识到,正确的坐姿是练习调息、手印、收束法、执持法和冥想的首要条件。


因此,调息和冥想练习能够长时间舒适地静坐应是任何体位练习的目标。然而,当我们看一看现在瑜伽班中所发生的情形时,没有任何东西能使我们进入这种稳定和沉静的状态。因此,我们应该重新研究练习的全部目的。
Yin瑜伽是一种使人进入宁静、平和空间的安静的练习。它作用于下肢,使身体做好最终长时间舒适静坐的准备。Yin瑜伽有两种主要的独特的特点,不同于哈达瑜伽的其它形式,它强调每一姿势保持较长的时间(通常为3到5分钟),并通过放松整个身体来保持姿势。


Yin和阳是道家用来解释我们自身之外整个现实世界及我们肉体和隐秘身体的两个极。在宇宙中,我们具有起初看起来似乎对抗的对向力,但在更深入研究后发现,它们是完全互补的力量。


Yin和阳需要在特定背景下讨论。没有任何事物是固定的Yin或阳。面对它的对立事物时,它的性质会改变。了解Yin和阳有助于理解自然及我们自己的身体存在。


在瑜伽练习中,我们需要身体的三个组织:骨骼,结缔组织以及肌肉。骨骼本质上是Yin。它们致密,沉重且最稳定。它被认为最具塑形性,因为我们不能轻易改变骨骼的形状。另一方面,肌肉最具弹性,我们能轻易伸缩并放松肌肉,而且在我们做动作时,肌肉的形状还会改变。因此,它被认为是三者中最阳性的。结缔组织恰恰居中。与骨骼相比它更有弹性,但其弹性又不如肌肉。我们为什么费劲儿分析这个呢?这是因为Yin性组织需要Yin性的练习方式,阳性组织需要阳性的练习方式。


让我们看看什么是结缔组织。体内有4种结缔组织:1、疏松网状结缔组织可在皮肤深部以及其它上皮组织中找到。2、致密规则 结缔组织在韧带及肌腱中找到。3、致密不规则 结缔组织 可在筋膜,关节囊以及皮肤真皮中找到。致密不规则的结缔组织是全方位的。4、脂肪细胞是特化的疏松结缔组织,用来储存脂肪。


人体包含许多由结缔组织组成的结构。对瑜伽来说,需要理解的最重要的结构是韧带、肌腱和筋膜。


许多人总是询问“为什么我不能做那个姿势”?为了理解这一问题,我们需要了解是什么限制了我们的运动范围 。[5]一个关节的运动范围及其运动能力中,47%由韧带和关节囊所限,41%由筋膜所限,10%由肌腱所限,2%由皮肤所限。这清楚的告诉我们,一个关节的灵活性很大程度上取决于结缔组织的状态。


许多人总是询问“为什么我不能做那个姿势”?为了理解这一问题,我们需要了解是什么限制了我们的运动范围 。[5]一个关节的运动范围及其运动能力中,47%由韧带和关节囊所限,41%由筋膜所限,10%由肌腱所限,2%由皮肤所限。这清楚的告诉我们,一个关节的灵活性很大程度上取决于结缔组织的状态。


骨骼和结缔组织(比如韧带,肌腱和筋膜)被看作是Yin性组织。肌肉是阳性组织。肌肉更贴近皮肤表面,它们更加明显,而骨骼和结缔组织则位于身体更深层。肌肉最有弹性,而骨骼最具塑形性。结缔组织居于两者之间。


那么让我们思考Yin瑜伽和阳瑜伽的区别。阳瑜伽最为大家所熟悉,它有节奏性和反复性。例如,你做5个回合的拜日式,你用连贯的动作从一个姿势变为下一姿势,同一姿势你会重复若干遍。它强调力量和耐力的运用,并且引起肌肉收缩。另一方面,Yin瑜伽则是关于被动保持一个姿势3到5分钟,使整个身体放松。它以关节及围绕关节的结缔组织为目标,伸展筋膜和深层组织。由于作用于结缔组织水平,它可产生更大的灵活性。因此,如果一个人对增强更大力量感兴趣,他应练习阳瑜伽。另一方面,如果他对培养更好的灵活性感兴趣,他应练习Yin瑜伽。


当身体保持一个姿势,长时间处于放松状态时会有什么事情发生呢?和我一起试一下这个姿势,伸出你的食指。首先,放松食指,观察皮肤,肌肉和骨骼的性质。你会观察到围绕这个手指的皮肤和肌肉从骨骼上拉开了。假设现在你尝试将手指向前伸且保持它绷紧。那么你会观察到皮肤和肌肉现在更贴近骨骼。这一观察适用于我们的全身。当身体处于紧张状态时,肌肉收缩,骨骼更紧密地融合在一起。当身体放松,肌肉就从骨骼上拉开。因此,当人通过放松整个身体来保持一个姿势时,本质上所发生的事是:你正在通过运用你自己身体的重量来帮助围绕关节的韧带和筋膜变软并拉伸。这就是Yin瑜伽的作用原理。


问题再次出现,拉伸结缔组织是否安全。按照惯例,我们以前的培训教我们在做一个伸展动作时要保护关节。如果你做Uttanansana (站姿前弯),你总是上提膝盖和大腿肌肉。你做Pacimottanansana (坐姿前弯)也是一样。为什么?这是因为你需要保护膝关节并确保大腿内旋。做伸展动作时保持关节肌肉收缩,对关节的保护是争论的一个关键。然而,还有其它问题需要我们思考。首先,我们需要了解,如果我们想使关节更灵活,收缩关节反而会适得其反。就像通过练习Yin瑜伽可能会使结缔组织过度拉伸一样,同时,通过拉伸肌肉这也可能发生。实际上,我们已经看到许多人因为瑜伽而造成腿筋损伤。问题不是是否拉伸或不拉伸结缔组织,而是关于我们应如何使关节参与运动?


在Yin瑜伽中没有站姿,它着重于下肢,大多数姿势为坐姿,俯卧或仰卧。每一姿势均要保持较长时间,为了变换姿势,需要动作非常缓慢。由于动作缓慢,且身体的运动很温和,受伤的几率非常小。


Yin瑜伽是对阳瑜伽完美的补充练习。因为身体具有Yin性和阳性组织,所以这两种练习都需要。另外,肌肉需要有力量,这就要求阳性的参与方式,肌肉也需要灵活性,这就需要Yin性的参与方式。因此,这不是练习一种而不练习另一种的问题,而是要做这两种练习,以满足身体的需要。


许多人悲叹,练习瑜伽若干年之后,他们的身体应该更加灵活,但在体式中他们体验不到这一点。他们仍不能很大范围扭转或拉紧双手,等等。整个争论的潜在假设是,肌肉处于紧张状态,如果一个人拉伸充分,他将能做到所有姿势。制造这样一个假设只正确了一半。首先,我们需要了解,即使在练习多年之后,瑜伽仍不能改变我们的骨骼结构。瑜伽不能使我们的手臂长长或我们的手指长长。我们必须记住,骨骼本质上是最具塑形性的。第二,即使肌肉确实处于紧张状态,且正确作用于肌腱、韧带和筋膜,真的就增加了它们的灵活性了吗?结缔组织决定了你的灵活性。第三,如果你已经做了每一件事来纠正这一情形,而你仍然无法做到那个姿势,你就需要检查你的关节是否处于压缩状态。当你练习拉伸肌肉,多年后达到了运动的最大范围,压缩会发生。因此,我们需要学习接受我们的身体并尊重它。每个人的身体都有不同的骨骼结构,关节具有不同的灵活性和不同的运动范围。因为结构是完全不同的,没有两个人能完全相同地做出那些姿势。作为瑜伽教练,通过让他们明白,他们自己没有任何“过错”,我们应该学会如何使我们的学生感到舒服。我们需要帮助他们对自己的身体有更多的了解,并接受其结构。我们必须提醒自己,瑜伽不仅仅是体位法,学习体位法之后还要达到更高的认识。


当身体准备好采取一种舒适的坐姿,并保持一段时间时,调息练习就是下一个需要完成的练习。在哈达瑜伽之光第二章的开头提到,“瑜伽修行者,已经精通体位法时,感觉得到控制,遵循营养且适度的饮食,他应该根据上师所给予的指导进行调息练习”。Yin瑜伽是使身体准备进入坐姿的练习。问题是需要什么样的身体结构才能使身体长时间舒适的坐着?


如果你观察任何好的坐姿,你会发现以下几点:1、脊柱拉长、上提且从根部挺直。2、双髋与膝共线或稍高。3、骨盆在顶部向前旋转。4、双肩和颈部放松。5、下巴稍向后收。6、双眼微微凝视地板或紧闭。7、手掌放松置于大腿或膝上或呈其它手印。


在大多数情况下,你会看到髋外旋不好的学生,当他们坐在地面上时,他们的膝盖朝上。因此,他们应该坐在更高一点的地方,这样双髋能比膝盖高。同样,他们可以坐在椅子上。但是,坐在椅子上不能提供身体最好的稳定性和能量流动。


Yin瑜伽中,它把双髋旋转的六个方向作为目标,通过一些姿势如龙式、龙飞式、蝴蝶式、半蝴蝶式、鞍式、鞋带式、直角式等,全部作用于双髋的旋转。一直这样做,下肢将可以长时间舒适地坐着。因此,你将能够走向沉静、静默和冥想。


瑜伽是有关体验思想和意识的更高状态。尽管它确实能减轻压力,提高我们的健康状况,使我们更加强壮,等等,但我们需要知道的是,它不仅仅是这些,而是更多。瑜伽想要我们对我们生命的思考一刻比一刻多,它想要我们改变我们习惯性的自我,而能看到真实的“自我”。总是使自己忙忙碌碌且处于“做”的状态,不会带领我们走向更远的瑜伽核心。只有当我们能将自己从外界收回,重新结合成一个自我,才能上升到思想的更高状态。因此,让Yin瑜伽成为静默练习的基础。让它带你进入思想明晰和平和的空间,在那里能产生更多的沉思。


愿你通过练习找到沉静和宁静的空间。



[1] 在George Feuerstein 的The Deeper Dimension of Yoga 中提到。[2] 哈达瑜伽之光的作者。[3] 5种主要的上行气, 下行气, 平行气,首行气, 遍行气。 是所有影响吸收或精微宇宙力量内向运动的过程。下行气 是那些影响清除或外向运动的过程。消化,保存以及延续是平行气,的工作。上行气以及精练是通首之气 的工作,渗透是遍行气的特性。5种次要的气 为 kurma打开之气 ,krikara开胃之气 devadatta放松之气, naga收缩之气和 dhananjaya维系之气。Kurma 刺激眨眼, krikara 产生饥饿,口渴,喷嚏以及咳嗽, devadatta 引起睡眠和呵欠, naga 引起呃逆和打嗝, dhananjaya 在死亡的时刻逗留。[4] 在哈达瑜伽之光中, Swatmarama 提到 “湿婆传授的体位有84种。其中,我将会描述四种最重要的体位。它们是至善坐、莲花坐、狮子式和英雄坐。四者之中,最舒适且最好的是至善坐。“…莲花坐姿能消灭所有疾病。凡人不可能达到。只有某些智者能达到。[5] Alter, M J (1996). Science of Flexibility(灵活性的学问)。Human Kinetics(人体动力学)。南澳大利亚

Why do you teach Yin? - Paul Grilley's writing [Yin Yoga founder]

Why do you teach Yin?
[extracted from Paul Grilley's website(Yin Yoga founder)]


Because most popular styles of Yoga are "Yang" in nature. They emphasize muscular effort and repetition. Yang activity is an essential form of exercise if you live a sedentary lifestyle. Yang exercise energizes us, throws off fatigue and overcomes depression. But it is only one half of the equation. We also need to learn to relax, be patient, be quiet and focus on the skeleton and its joints. I emphasize Yin in my book and my workshops because the Yang styles of Yoga are well represented in every corner of the country.




Focus on Yin (Yin Yoga)

Focus On Yin

LSD Yoga, Long, Slow & Deep
A YIN YOGA INTERVIEW WITH VICTOR CHNG
LUCAS ROCKWOOD [reprinted from namaskar magazine, January 2009]









LUCAS: I understand Yin Yoga helped you overcome a hamstring injury. Can you tell us about that process?
VICTOR: I injured my right hamstring while being adjusted from behind in Janusirsasana. Back in those days, the teaching quality was very low, and teachers were not in tune with their students. When I first met Paul Grilley [Yin Yoga founder], he told me to work in a "yin way". He told me to engage softly and not to go as deeply as I usually would. There was a lot of head and heart struggle for me initially; however, I also learned to let go of my own practice. After a year of Yin Yoga, I was completely healed.


LUCAS: The Yin Yoga approach is so different from all other popular styles of yoga today. Postures are held for two, three, or even five minutes with no muscle contraction and it's very quiet practice. Can you tell us how this practice came about and what the goal is?
VICTOR: Paul Grilley comes from a martial arts background where students commonly put the body in traction, especially the legs. In yoga, to hold a pose for a long time like that, it's just not possible while the muscles are contracting actively; therefore, relaxation becomes the natural way to practice.
To achieve greater flexibility is to affect the connective tissues, such as deep fascia surrounding the joints and in-between muscular layers. In order to affect the fascia, we need to relax the body, let go of the external layers to allow inner layers to glide. To work purely at the muscular level usually doesn't produce desired results. You can easily lose your flexibility after one cold shower! Therefore, Yin Yoga allows you to gain flexibility from within the body.
Yin also has a therapeutic effect on the body. The practice is passive and quieting. It encourages the parasympathetic nervous system to take over and reduces our ”fight-or-flight” nature. Yin Yoga stimulates the deep meridians and acts like self-acupuncture.


LUCAS: In the past 10-15 years, the mainstream yoga movement has been a largely "yang-style" movement with an emphasis on Bikram, Ashtanga, and Vinyasa. Classes tend to be fast-paced, dynamic, hot and sweaty. Yin breaks from this trend. So are yang-style practices bad?
VICTOR: In Paul Grilley's teaching, he never wants to make any style of yoga bad or obsolete. He sees Yin as complementary to whatever style of yoga you are practicing now; however, most styles of yoga today are dynamic in nature. By definition, if a practice is Yang in nature, it will be good for strengthening and stamina building. This has great health benefits, but with a yang practice alone, you'll never be balanced physically or mentally. Yin becomes the quieting practice that’s needed. That's why many people who are practicing Ashtanga Yoga, Power, Vinyasa, or Bikram Yoga are now doing Yin Yoga too!


LUCAS: Many students get very frustrated with blocked hips, tight hamstrings, and stiff backs. How much can we change our bodies, and how much is genetics playing a role in our ability/ inability to do a posture?
VICTOR: There are many things which we do not understand about this miraculous body; however, I think that doshas do affect the level of flexibility. For example, Kapha types tend to have thick, short bones and more buldy body types. Therefore. Kapha people may experience more tightening in the body-especially around the lower back an hops. Vata types tend to have more space within the body, but they often feel tight after intense stretching. Pitta is more proportionate and flexible, but not in the mind. So you see, all doshas benefit from Yin Yoga. It's all about achieving more balance.


LUCAS: you teach workshops and teacher training courses in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, China, Thailand, Nepal and even Bhutan. Do you find that Yin Yoga is appreciated by people from all backgrounds? Is this particular practice something that anyone can benefit from?
VICTOR: I thing all levels of students need Yin Yoga in their practice. This is especially true for people who have never done yoga. It is a very claming and slow practice which everyone can follow-and people are starting to appreciate quieting practice! Who doesn't want more peace? More relaxation? Interestingly, Yin Yoga is also very challenging which again comes back to the theme of "balance"


LUCAS: You've studied directly with Paul Grilley. Paul has had a huge influence on yoga in the past five years in particular. Can you tell us about your experience with him as a teacher?
VICTOR: Paul has a great impact on students not by providing them with dogmatic views; instead, he appeals to their logical and intellectual tendencies and allows students to form their own conclusions. I find his teaching highly liberating. He allows me to explore a wider dimension of the practice. For example, I include Yoga Nidra as part of my Yin Yoga teaching. This is something I find very natural after a Yin practice, and it has great benefits for deep relaxation.

Victor is one of the most-experienced Yin Yoga teachers an teacher trainers in Asia, and a long-time, direct student of Paul Grilley and Sarah Powers. He leads training, workshops, and retreats on Yin Yoga throughout Asia, and also founded the largest yoga portal in Asia: http://www.yogainasia.com/

Lucas is a yoga teacher, health crusader, and writer who organizes some of Asia’s most-popular yoga teacher training courses. He also is the founder and owner of YOGABODY Naturals, a yoga nutritional supplement company based in the U.S. http://www.yogabodynaturals.com/